In nature, many organisms are able to accommodate a complex living environment by
developing biological wet adhesive surfaces with unique functions such as fixation and …

The adhesiveness of hydrogels is urgently required in various biomedical applications such
as medical patches, tissue sealants, and flexible electronic devices. However, biological …

Hydrogels have promising applications in diverse areas, especially wet environments
including tissue engineering, wound dressing, biomedical devices, and underwater soft …

Remoras of the ray-finned fish family Echeneidae have the remarkable ability to attach to
diverse marine animals using a highly modified dorsal fin that forms an adhesive disc, which …

The intriguing reversible underwater adhesive phenomena in nature have inspired the rapid
development of artificial adhesives by microscopic topography engineering or chemical …

In nature, many organisms can effectively fix to contact substrates and move and prey in
complex living environments, such as underwater, seawater, and tidal environments, owing …

The ability to switch adhesion strength is a highly desirable property for adhesives applied in
a wet environment. The major challenges involve the presence of a water layer between the …

Adhesion is difficult to achieve on rough surfaces both in air and underwater. In nature, the
northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus) has evolved the impressive ability to adhere onto …

Many organisms have attachment organs with excellent functions, such as adhesion,
clinging, and grasping, as a result of biological evolution to adapt to complex living …

While artificial suction cups only attach well to smooth surfaces, the Northern clingfish can
attach to surfaces ranging from nanoscale smooth to rough stone. This ability is highly …