Cellular cytotoxicity, the ability to kill other cells, is an important effector mechanism of the
immune system to combat viral infections and cancer. Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer …

A defining property of cytotoxic lymphocytes is their expression and regulated secretion of
potent toxins, including the pore-forming protein perforin and serine protease granzymes …

Eukaryotic cells can undergo different forms of programmed cell death, many of which
culminate in plasma membrane rupture as the defining terminal event,,,,,–. Plasma …

Abstract Inflammatory caspases (caspases 1, 4, 5 and 11) are activated in response to
microbial infection and danger signals. When activated, they cleave mouse and human …

Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is the terminal protein in the pro-inflammatory
necroptotic cell death program. RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation is thought to initiate MLKL …

NK cells eliminate virus-infected and tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic granules containing
granzyme B (GrzB) or by engaging death receptors that initiate caspase cascades. The …

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and
have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly …

Gasdermins mediate inflammatory cell death after cleavage by caspases or other, unknown
enzymes. The cleaved N-terminal fragments bind to acidic membrane lipids to form pores …

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by a vector-transmitted phloem-limited bacterium
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (C Las), is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide …

Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal
plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from …