The foramen ovale is an essential component of the fetal circulation contributing to
oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination that remains patent under certain …

During sea‐level exercise, blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses
(IPAVA) in humans without a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is negatively correlated with …

Background Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, determined by the alveolar-to-arterial P o 2
difference (A-aD o 2), progressively worsens during exercise at sea-level; this response is …

Transthoracic saline contrast echocardiography is commonly used to assess intrathoracic
shunt flow in vivo. Though the technique has many advantages (safe, simple, repeatable) …

New Findings What is the central question to this study? Is there a relationship between a
patent foramen ovale and the development of acute mountain sickness and an exaggerated …

Objectives During apnea diving, a patent foramen ovale may function as a pressure relief
valve under conditions of high pulmonary pressure, preserving left-ventricular output. Patent …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Do individuals with a patent
foramen ovale (PFO+) have a lower lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide than those …

This chapter outlines and describes the effect of sex and variations in the levels of sex
hormones via the menstrual cycle and/or oral contraceptive use on the respiratory system …

" A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a source of intracardiac shunt, and preliminary data
suggests that those with a PFO have higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been documented in humans since Galen reported their
existence approximately 2000 years ago. PFO has been associated with a variety of …