Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is
estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent skeletal disorder associated with
menopause-related estrogen withdrawal. PMOP is characterized by low bone mass …

Sex steroids are chief regulators of gender differences in the skeleton, and male gender is
one of the strongest protective factors against osteoporotic fractures. This advantage in bone …

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by low bone mass and micro-
architectural deterioration of bone tissue. Fractures of the proximal femur, the vertebrae and …

Animal models are fundamental to advance our knowledge of the underlying
pathophysiology of bone loss and to study pharmaceutical countermeasures against it. The …

For more than a decade, the Wnt–β-catenin pathway has been the focus of intense basic
and clinical research in the bone field because of its importance in skeletal development …

Estrogen deficiency is a seminal mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Mounting
evidence, however, establishes that cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism that …

Osteoporosis and its associated fracture risk has become one of the major health burdens in
our aging population. Currently, bisphosphonate, one of the most popular antiresorptive …

Bone fragility has emerged as a new complication of diabetes. Several mechanisms in
diabetes may influence bone homeostasis by impairing the action between osteoblasts …

Precise delineation of the specific genes and pathways altered with aging and estrogen (E)
therapy may lead to new skeletal biomarkers and the development of novel bone …