Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the movement of genetic material across branches of the
tree of life, is well established in prokaryotes and uncontroversial. This is explained in part …

Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been documented in the cancer
literature since 1858. For more than 100 years, they have been generally disregarded as …

Sexual reproduction and clonality in eukaryotes are mostly seen as exclusive, the latter
being rather exceptional. This view might be biased by focusing almost exclusively on …

Microbial eukaryotes are integral components of natural microbial communities, and their
inclusion is critical for many ecosystem studies, yet the majority of published metagenome …

Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot, a major disease of Brassica oil and vegetable
crops worldwide. P. brassicae is a Plasmodiophorid, obligate biotrophic protist in the …

Transcriptome and genome data from twenty stony coral species and a selection of
reference bilaterians were studied to elucidate coral evolutionary history. We identified …

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an enzyme co-factor in eukaryotes that also plays a critical role
in protecting photosynthetic eukaryotes against damaging reactive oxygen species derived …

Poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation is a post-translational modification of proteins involved in regulation
of many cellular pathways. Poly (ADP-ribose)(PAR) consists of chains of repeating ADP …

Cells use phagocytosis and macropinocytosis to internalise bulk material, which in
phagotrophic organisms supplies the nutrients necessary for growth. Wildtype Dictyostelium …

The study of genetic exchange resulting from natural hybridization, horizontal gene transfer,
and viral recombination has long been marked by controversy between researchers holding …