Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In
addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the …

Given the worldwide epidemic of diet-related chronic diseases, evidence-based dietary
recommendations are fundamentally important for health promotion. Despite the importance …

Allergic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. An increase in their prevalence has
been associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, ie, the microorganisms and their …

Gut microbiota play a critical role in infant health. It is now accepted that breastmilk contains
live bacteria from endogenous and exogenous sources, but it remains unclear whether …

Asthma is a complex disease that often starts in childhood. Genomic and environmental
factors as well as aberrant immune maturation early in life can contribute to the onset of …

Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system
differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development …

Background Antibiotics are amongst the most commonly used drugs in children. In addition
to inducing antibiotic resistance, antibiotic exposure has been associated with adverse long …

Rhinovirus infections can cause wheezing illnesses in all age groups. In preschool children,
rhinovirus infections frequently initiate acute wheezing illnesses. Children who wheeze with …

Importance Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common occurrence in childhood;
consequently, evidence-based recommendations for its treatment are required. Objective To …

Vaccines are the most effective means available for preventing infectious diseases.
However, vaccine-induced immune responses are highly variable between individuals and …