Many constructs in management studies, such as perceptions, personalities, attitudes, and
behavioral intentions, are not directly observable. Typically, empirical studies measure such …

Abstract Commentary in Widaman and Revelle argued that sum scoring is justified as long
as unidimensionality holds because sum score reliability is defined. My response begins …

Empirical studies in psychology commonly report Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal
consistency reliability despite the fact that many methodological studies have shown that …

This study disproves the following six common misconceptions about coefficient alpha:(a)
Alpha was first developed by Cronbach.(b) Alpha equals reliability.(c) A high value of alpha …

Scales with varying degrees of measurement reliability are often used in the context of
multistage sampling, where variance exists at multiple levels of analysis (eg, individual and …

This new text provides a state-of the-art introduction to educational and psychological testing
and measurement theory that reflects many intellectual developments of the past two …

Aims: Depression is prevalent among university students worldwide, and the prevalence
appears to be increasing. As an intermediate stage between being healthy and having …

With its emphasis on practical and conceptual aspects, rather than mathematics or formulas,
this accessible book has established itself as the go-to resource on confirmatory factor …

Linear structural equation modeling has become an indispensable methodology for
specifying, estimating, and testing hypothesized interrelationships among a set of …

A composite score is the sum of a set of components. For example, a total test score can be
defined as the sum of the individual items. The reliability of composite scores is of interest in …