This paper investigates the impacts of tropical Atlantic on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) predictability through an empirical dynamical model‐Linear Inverse Model (LIM). By …

This paper investigates the impacts of extratropical Pacific on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) spring predictability barrier (SPB). Using an empirical dynamical model–Linear …

Abstract Prediction of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is hindered by a spring
predictability barrier (SPB). In this paper, we investigate the effects of the Indian Ocean (IO) …

A cyclostationary linear inverse model (CSLIM) is used to investigate the seasonal growth of
tropical Pacific Ocean El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with canonical, central …

Marine structures are typically designed to withstand extreme events of a specific return
period derived within a stationary framework. Nevertheless, this stationarity assumption may …

The life cycle of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) typically follows a seasonal march,
with onset in spring, developing during summer, maturing in boreal winter, and decaying …

This paper investigates potential factors that control the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) Spring Persistence Barrier (SPB) strength in two different ENSO regimes and apply …

In this paper, we investigate the role of the period of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in
the spring persistence barrier (SPB), mainly using the neutral recharge oscillator (NRO) …

Abstract The Spring Predictability Barrier (SPB) phenomenon is characterized by the
reduced accuracy of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts during the spring, which …

The persistence barrier (PB), one of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties,
has exhibited a significant decadal variability, showing enhanced and weakened behavior …