Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in many aspects
of plant growth, development, and environmental response. Because of their central role in …

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is a widely studied signaling pathway because of its critical roles
during development and in cell homeostasis. Vertebrate canonical and non‐canonical Hh …

Many important signalling cascades operate through specialized signalling endosomes, but
a corresponding mechanism has as yet not been described for hematopoietic cytokine …

Programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1 (CD274), facilitates immune evasion and exerts pro-
survival functions in cancer cells. Here, we report a mechanism whereby internalization of …

Highlights•Fluorescence fluctuation microscopy (FFM) analyzes dynamic molecular
properties in live cells.•Confocal FFM has been extended from static positioning to …

In the Drosophila testis, a group of stromal cells termed hub provides multiple niche signals
for the surrounding germline and somatic stem cells. Stem cells of both populations compete …

Smoothened (SMO) is a G-protein-coupled receptor-related protein required for the
transduction of Hedgehog (HH). The HH gradient leads to graded phosphorylation of SMO …

Secretory organs are critical for organismal survival. Yet, the transcriptional regulatory
mechanisms governing their development and maintenance remain unclear for most model …

In the Drosophila testis, a group of stromal cells termed hub provides multiple niche signals
for the surrounding germline and somatic stem cells. Stem cells of both populations compete …

Living matter equals water, to a first approximation, and water transport across barriers such
as membranes and epithelia is vital. Water serves two competing functions. On the one …