The immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
disease are extremely complex; the disease process is multifactorial with multiple …

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a progressive
decrease in CD4 T-cell number and a consequent impairment in host immune defenses …

This book grew out of a scientific review, originally published in Microbiological Reviews. It
has been updated and expanded-now citing more than 2100 references (100 pages of the …

Although 13 years have passed since identification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-
1) as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its primary target, the T cell that …

In the absence of cell permeabilization, the impermeant nuclear dye YOPRO-1 permits
accurate analysis of apoptosis using cytofluorometry or fluorescent microscopy. Several …

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is typified by the progressive
depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes and deterioration of immune function in most patients. A …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene encodes a protein which
induces arrest of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Here, we demonstrate that following …

The maedi-visna virus (MVV) is classified as a lentivirus of the retroviridae family. The
genome of MVV includes three genes: gag, which encodes for group-specific antigens; pol …

Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF‐α) and TNF receptors (TNFR) are members of the growing
TNF ligand and receptor families that are involved in immune regulation. The present report …

The Bcl-2 protein blocks a distal step in an evolutionarily conserved pathway for
programmed cell death and apoptosis. To gain better understanding of how this protein …