As the adaptor that decodes mRNA sequence into protein, the basic aspects of tRNA
structure and function are central to all studies of biology. Yet the complexities of their …

Perfectly accurate translation of mRNA into protein is not a prerequisite for life. Resulting
from errors in protein synthesis, mistranslation occurs in all cells, including human cells. The …

Missense mutations account for approximately 50% of pathogenic mutations in human
genetic diseases, and most lack effective treatments. Gene therapies, gene editing, and …

Translational fidelity is critical for microbial fitness, survival and stress responses. Much
remains unknown about the genetic and environmental control of translational fidelity and its …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) decodes mRNA codons when aminoacylated (charged) with an amino
acid at its 3′ end. Charged tRNAs turn over rapidly in cells, and variations in charged tRNA …

Translation fidelity relies on accurate aminoacylation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) by aminoacyl-
tRNA synthetases (AARSs). AARSs specific for alanine (Ala), leucine (Leu), serine, and …

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) therapeutics will provide personalized and mutation
specific medicines to treat human genetic diseases for which no cures currently exist. The …

High-fidelity translation and a strictly accurate proteome were originally assumed as
essential to life and cellular viability. Yet recent studies in bacteria and eukaryotic model …

Introduction Accumulation of amyloid β in the brain is regarded as a key initiator of
Alzheimer's disease pathology. Processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the …

Ribosomal protein synthesis results in the genetically programmed incorporation of amino
acids into a growing polypeptide chain. Faithful amino acid incorporation that accurately …