Bile acids, mainly ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its conjugated species
glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) have long …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common and most aggressive form of adult
motor neuron (MN) degeneration. The cause of the disease is still unknown, but some …

Accumulating evidence suggests that the bile acid regulates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
through gut microbiota-host interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying such …

Elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement can worsen
cognitive dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients due to toxins, including …

Recently, it was found that microglia regulated synaptic remodeling of the developing brain,
but their mechanisms have not been well understood. In this study, the action of microglia on …

The human gut microbiome has been linked to numerous digestive disorders, but its
metabolic products have been much less well characterized, in part due to the expense of …

Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism formed during a process that involves
oxidation-reduction reactions and conserves iron body stores. Unconjugated …

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with chronic
neuroinflammation and microglia activation. However, cumulative evidence supports that …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with neuron–glia
dysfunction and dysregulated miRNAs. We previously reported upregulated miR-124/miR …

Bile acids, a structurally related group of molecules derived from cholesterol, have a long
history as therapeutic agents in medicine, from treatment for primarily ocular diseases in …