In this study, we assume special district incorporation is the outsourced service from general-
purpose governments. Once a special district is created, general-purpose governments …

Objective As similar modes of public service delivery on behalf of general‐purpose
governments, a relationship between special districts (SD) and nonprofit organization are …

Most studies in collaborative governance examine system-level or agency-level drivers of
the horizontal dimension of collaboration, that is, the specific forms of collaboration among …

Special districts are an increasingly prevalent form of local government. The creation of
special districts is an act of public entrepreneurship. However, it is not clear if special …

A sizeable literature investigates how intergovernmental competition affects various fiscal
outcomes in a fragmented local landscape. However, it remains untested how the …

Background The flexible boundaries of special districts allow for overlaps with each other
that generate various specialized service bundles on a territorial basis. The combined …

What happens to general‐purpose local government spending for service provision when a
special district enters the public service market? Theoretically, special districts can act either …

The discovery of COVID-19 in the Life Care Center assisted living facility in Kirkland,
Washington in the early part of 2020 marked the beginning of the virus' outbreak in the …

General-purpose governments have increasingly relied on creating special districts to
provide specialized public services to subsections of their jurisdictions. There are many …

A sizeable literature investigates how intergovernmental competition affects various fiscal
outcomes in a fragmented local landscape. However, it remains untested how the …