The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

The human vaginal microbiota is a critical determinant of vaginal health. These communities
live in close association with the vaginal epithelium and rely on host tissues for resources …

Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational
research, but reproductive health in particular has been hampered by a lack of …

Multiorgan-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platforms have great potential to redefine the way in which
human health research is conducted. After briefly reviewing the need for comprehensive …

Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

Menstruation is a physiological process that is typically uncomplicated. However, up to one
third of women globally will be affected by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) at some point in …

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by
reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

Analyses of drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) performed in
animals are often not predictive of drug PKs and PDs in humans, and in vitro PK and PD …