BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

Carcinoma in situ testis (CIS), also known as intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), is a
pre-invasive precursor of testicular germ cell tumours, the commonest cancer type of male …

Background Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which
chromosomal, gonadal, or phenotypic sex is atypical. Clinical management of DSD is often …

Our study aims to provide a comprehensive view of the endocrine features in Kennedy's
disease (KD). Twenty-two men with KD underwent detailed endocrine investigations …

This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias,
the association of hypospadias with endocrine‐disrupting exposures, and the potential …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations. It is considered to be a
mild form of the 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD), but its precise etiology remains …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies in the United States,
occurring in approximately 1 in 125 live male births. It is characterized by altered …

Although sufficient androgen receptor (AR) function is crucial for normal male sexual
differentiation, single-point mutations in the AR gene are infrequent in the two most common …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations, affecting about 4–6
males per 1000 male births, and ranging in severity from a urethral meatus that is slightly off …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital disorders in males. Impaired fetal
androgen action interferes with masculinization, including external genitalia formation, and …