Mental disorders frequently begin in childhood or adolescence. Psychotropic medications
have various indications for the treatment of mental disorders in this age group and are used …

Bipolar disorder is a recurrent disorder that affects more than 1% of the world population and
usually has its onset during youth. Its chronic course is associated with high rates of …

Bipolar disorder is heterogeneous in phenomenology, illness trajectory, and response to
treatment. Despite evidence for the efficacy of multimodality interventions, the majority of …

Recognizing that current frameworks for classification and treatment in psychiatry are
inadequate, particularly for use in young people and early intervention services …

Over the last decade, there has been a growing appreciation of the importance of identifying
and treating cognitive impairment associated with bipolar disorder, since it persists in …

Illness staging is widely utilized in several medical disciplines to help predict course or
prognosis, and optimize treatment. Staging models in psychiatry in general, and bipolar …

Objectives Cognitive dysfunction affects a significant proportion of people with bipolar
disorder (BD), but the cause, trajectory and correlates of such dysfunction remains unclear …

Objective We aimed to review clinical features and biological underpinnings related to
neuroprogression in bipolar disorder (BD). Also, we discussed areas of controversy and …

Objective It is a widely held belief that affective disorders are progressive of nature; however,
some recent reviews have questioned this belief. The objective of the present systematic …

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with impairments in a range of cognitive domains
including attention, verbal learning, and mental flexibility. These deficits are increased …