Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. The
increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases has become a major public health problem …

Valvular heart disease is an important source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Current prosthetic valve replacement options, such as bioprosthetic and mechanical heart …

Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) aims to provide living autologous heart valve
implants endowed with regenerative capabilities and life‐long durability. However …

Polyurethane is an excellent and widely used polymer material. In synthesizing
polyurethane, the structure of soft and hard segments in polyurethane could be adjusted …

The current clinical solutions, including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves for valvular
heart diseases, are plagued by coagulation, calcification, nondurability, and the inability to …

The development of a novel artificial heart valve with outstanding durability and safety has
remained a challenge since the first mechanical heart valve entered the market 65 years …

In situ tissue engineering that uses resorbable synthetic heart valve scaffolds is an
affordable and practical approach for heart valve replacement; therefore, it is attractive for …

Materials currently used to repair or replace a heart valve are not durable. Their limited
durability related to structural degeneration or thrombus formation is attributed to their …

Current heart valve replacements (HVRs) fail to comprehensively capture the physiological
behavior of native heart valve tissues, allowing the burden of valvular heart disease to …

The left ventricle of the heart is a fundamental structure in the human cardiac system that
pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation. Several valvular conditions can …