Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole
backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi …

Odour processing exhibits multiple parallels between vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory
systems. Insects, in particular, have emerged as relevant models for olfactory studies …

In our target article (Segundo-Ortin & Calvo 2023), we proposed the intriguing possibility of
plant sentience, drawing parallels with non-human animal studies. This response aims to sift …

Simple Summary One major challenge when using animal models to study cognition is that
we cannot ask them what they are thinking or how they are feeling; instead, we measure the …

Probing cognition and consciousness in the absence of functional communication remains
an extremely challenging task. In this perspective, we imagined a basic clinical procedure to …

Bees are flexible and adaptive learners, capable of learning stimuli seen on arrival and at
departure from flowers where they have fed. This gives bees the potential to learn all …

Insects are not mere reflex machines. Instead, they adapt their behaviour flexibly to
changing environmental contingencies. Among the insects, honeybees (Apis mellifera) …

The proboscis extension response (PER) has been widely used for decades to evaluate
honeybees'(Apis mellifera) learning and memory abilities. This classical conditioning …

This article delves into the complexities of consumer behavior, offering an analysis of
traditional and modern behavioral models to understand purchasing decisions. It begins …

Aroma nudges in bugs: Sensory perception and memory in insects. - Abstract - Europe PMC
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