A remarkable diversity of plant-eating mammals known as South American native ungulates
(SANUs) flourished in South America for most of the Cenozoic. Although some of these …

The mammalian cranium (skull without lower jaw) is representative of mammalian diversity
and is thus of particular interest to mammalian biologists across disciplines. One widely …

Alcidedorbignya inopinata is a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) of small body size,
from the early Palaeocene of the Santa Lucia Formation at Tiupampa, Bolivia. Tiupampa is …

As evolutionary biologists, we live in exciting and promising times. The material basis of our
science is growing at an unprecedented rate; fossils preserving structures we thought …

With their odd cranial features, glyptodonts, closely related to extant armadillos, are a highly
diverse group of the South American megafauna. Doedicurus, Glyptodon, Panochthus, and …

We present a survey of the morphological diversity of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear in
Xenarthra, including the fossil ground sloth Megatherium. Using a combination of traditional …

ABSTRACT The Huayquerías Formation (Late Miocene, Huayquerian SALMA) is broadly
exposed in west-central Argentina (Mendoza). The target of several major paleontological …

Foetuses are a source of scientific information to understand the development and evolution
of anatomical structures. The bony labyrinth, surrounding the organ of balance and hearing …

The evolution of the various hearing adaptations is connected to major structural changes in
nearly all groups of vertebrates. Besides hearing, the detection of acceleration and …

Cranial endocasts are one of the most direct tools available to obtain information about the
endocranial cavity of fossil mammals, but few anatomical comparisons have analyzed …