The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is a well-established model utilized to
study the role of context associations in reward-related behaviors, including both natural …

Opioids are pivotal therapeutics in the management of escalated chronic pain (moderate–
severe). In the last two decades, the increased prescription rate and the prolonged usage of …

Opioid drugs are commonly prescribed analgesic to pregnant women. Direct exposure to
such drugs may slow gut motility, alter gut permeability, and affect the gut microbiome. While …

Opioid drugs are increasingly being prescribed to pregnant women. Such compounds can
also bind and activate opioid receptors in the fetal brain, which could lead to long-term brain …

Rationale Parental drug use around or before conception can have adverse consequences
for offspring. Historically, this research has focused on the effects of maternal substance use …

The developing brain is extremely sensitive to drugs during adolescence. The devastating
impacts of opioid abuse in this critical period not only do involve individuals but also are …

Drug addiction is a worldwide social and medical disorder. More than 50 percent of drug
abusers start their substance abuse in adolescence between the ages of 15–19 …

It has been proven that exposure to some drugs even before gestation had
transgenerational effects. To investigate the changes which induced by parental morphine …

Opioid addiction causes some molecular alterations in the brain reward pathway, such as
changes in gene expression that may be transferred to the next generation via epigenetic …

Addiction to drugs, including opioids is the result of an interplay between environmental and
genetic factors. It has been shown that the progeny of addict people is at higher risk for drug …