The aerial portion of a plant, namely the leaf, is inhabited by pathogenic and non-pathogenic
microbes. The leaf's physical and chemical properties, combined with fluctuating and often …

Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also
has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases …

Many raw vegetables, such as tomato, chili, onion, lettuce, arugula, spinach, and cilantro,
are incorporated into fresh dishes including ready‐to‐eat salads and sauces. The …

Increased consumption, larger scale production and more efficient distribution of fresh
produce over the past two decades have contributed to an increase in the number of illness …

Ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables are a convenient source of nutrients and fibre for
consumers, and are generally safe to eat, but are vulnerable to contamination with human …

The flagellum organelle is an intricate multiprotein assembly best known for its rotational
propulsion of bacteria. However, recent studies have expanded our knowledge of other …

Abstract In the United States, it is estimated that non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli (STEC) cause more illnesses than STEC O157: H7, and the majority of …

Escherichia coli was described in 1885 by a German pediatrician, Theodor Escherich, in the
faeces of a child suffering diarrhoea. In 1893, a Danish veterinarian postulated that the E …

Biofilms are a widespread multicellular form of bacterial life. The spatial structure and
emergent properties of these communities depend on a polymeric extracellular matrix …

Bacterial biofilms are multicellular aggregates in which cells are embedded in an
extracellular matrix of self-produced biopolymers. Being refractory to antibiotic treatment and …