Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

Smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable death in the USA, despite the
vast and widely publicized knowledge about the negative health effects of tobacco smoking …

Diabetes is a chronic debilitating disease that results from insufficient production of insulin
from pancreatic β-cells. Islet cell replacement can effectively treat diabetes but is currently …

Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor, has been reported to
disrupt glucose homeostasis. BPA exposure may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In this …

Background: An emerging literature suggests that environmental chemicals may play a role
in the development of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders, especially when exposure …

—Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is
widely used as plasticizer. DEHP exposure in humans is virtually ubiquitous, and those …

Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are at risk for micro and macro vascular
complications, which could be observed in heavy smokers. Cigarette smoking increases the …

Despite medical advice, 20–30% of female smokers continue to smoke during pregnancy.
Epidemiological studies have associated maternal smoking with increased risk of obesity …

Tobacco use is a leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 6 million deaths
annually or at least 12 percent of deaths among people age 30 years and older (16 percent …

Exposure to the endocrine disruptor (ED) bisphenol A (BPA) used in polycarbonate plastic
and epoxy resins appears ubiquitous since BPA can be found in over 90% of analyzed urine …