Evaluation of toxicity of ionic liquids has been less prioritized, compared to the development
of new ionic liquids and their applications. Focus on the toxicity of ionic liquids should be …

A zwitterion is a neutral compound that has both a cation and an anion in the same
molecule. Quaternary ammonium cations are frequently used for zwitterions. Zwitterions with …

Cryopreservation of tissues is a tough challenge. Cryopreservation is categorized into slow-
freezing and vitrification, and vitrification has recently been recognized as a suitable method …

Targeted delivery of genes to specific plant organelles is a key challenge for fundamental
plant science, plant bioengineering, and agronomic applications. Nanoscale carriers have …

Recycling water-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) from dilute aqueous solutions using nanofiltration
membranes has garnered substantial attention due to the potential environmental impact …

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered a novel class of environmentally benign
molecular solvents that are considered as potential solvents for nuclear fuel reprocessing …

The delivery of functional biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, into plants
presents a unique opportunity to manipulate plant traits and address challenges related to …

During the long-term storage of cells, it is necessary to inhibit ice crystal formation by adding
cryoprotectants. Non-cell-permeable cryoprotectants have high osmotic pressure which …

Protein cryopreservation is important for the long-term storage of unstable proteins.
Recently, we found that N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) can be cryopreserved in …

Cellulose is a readily available, renewable, and natural biomaterial that has the potential to
replace synthetic fibres. However, their processing to shaped materials such as fibre or film …