Relapsing fever still remains a neglected disease and little is known on its reservoir, tick
vector and physiopathology in the vertebrate host. The disease occurs in temperate as well …

Tick borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a zoonosis caused by various Borrelia species
transmitted to humans by both soft-bodied and (more recently recognized) hard-bodied ticks …

Lyme borreliosis (or Lyme disease) has become a virtual household term to the exclusion of
other forgotten, emerging or re-emerging borreliae. We review current knowledge regarding …

Background Relapsing fever is the most frequent bacterial disease in Africa. Four main
vector/pathogen complexes are classically recognized, with the louse Pediculus humanus …

Relapsing fever spirochetes are tick-and louse-borne pathogens that primarily afflict those in
impoverished countries. Historically the pathogens have had a significant impact on public …

The term relapsing fever was first coined after an outbreak of relapsing febrile illness in
Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Although Otto Obermeier revealed the infectious etiology of …

Simple Summary Following Borreliae Part 1, this second review describes Borreliae of the
relapsing fever group (RFG) and unclassified Borreliae. The RFG is further divided …

North Africa is home to more than 200 million people living across five developing
economies (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco) and two Spanish exclaves (Ceuta …

Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and
viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human …

Background Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is the most common vector-borne bacterial
disease in humans in West Africa. It is frequently clinically confused with malaria. Our study …