Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept
electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential …

Many of the scientific and regulatory challenges that exist in research on the safety, quality
and efficacy of dietary supplements are common to all countries as the marketplace for them …

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for bone health and may influence the risks of respiratory
illness, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases of adulthood. Because many …

Thiamine is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism. Many
populations worldwide may be at risk of clinical or subclinical thiamine deficiencies, due to …

As dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic
disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to …

Dietary supplements and foods for special medical purposes are special medical products
classified according to the legal basis. They are regulated, for example, by the European …

Food fortification is an important nutrition intervention to fight micronutrient deficiencies and
to reduce their incidence in many low‐and middle‐income countries. Food fortification …

Background: Food fortification and biofortification are well-established strategies to address
micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations. However, the effectiveness of …

Background Human gut microbial communities have been known to produce vitamins,
which are subsequently absorbed by the host in the large intestine. However, the …

A well-functioning immune system is essential for human health and well-being.
Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc have several functions throughout the …