Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

A significant body of work has investigated the effects of acute exercise, defined as a single
bout of physical activity, on mood and cognitive functions in humans. Several excellent …

Stressful experiences, both physical and psychological, that are overwhelming (ie,
inescapable and unpredictable), can measurably affect subsequent neuronal properties and …

Fatigue, mood disturbances, under performance and gastrointestinal distress are common
among athletes during training and competition. The psychosocial and physical demands …

The cortisol awakening response (CAR), the marked increase in cortisol secretion over the
first 30–45 min after morning awakening, has been related to a wide range of psychosocial …

Back pain is a major health issue in Western countries and 60%–80% of adults are likely to
experience low back pain. This paper explores the impact of back pain on society and the …

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine best known for affecting systemic
energy metabolism through its anorectic action. GDF15 expression and secretion from …

Physical activity, by definition, is any skeletal muscle body movement that results in energy
expenditure. In the last few decades, a plethora of scientific evidences have accumulated …

Research on major depression has confirmed that it is caused by an array of
biopsychosocial and lifestyle factors. Diet, exercise and sleep are three such influences that …

Anxiety disorders are a group of highly prevalent mental health conditions that can have a
debilitating impact on daily functioning and well-being. They can co-occur with other mental …