The use of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus led to major advances in
the field of transplantation, with excellent short-term outcome. However, the chronic …

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) revolutionized the field of organ transplantation and remain the
standard of care 40 years after the discovery of cyclosporine. The early impressive results of …

Background: There is no doubt that acute calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity exists;
however, chronic CNI nephrotoxicity is questionable at best. Methods: We reviewed the …

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in protocol biopsies is associated with graft loss while
the association between subclinical rejection (SCR) and outcome has yielded contradictory …

Background: The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), cyclosporine and tacrolimus, have had a
revolutionary effect on the overall success of renal transplantation through reduction in early …

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy began to emerge as a high-resolution
optical imaging modality in the late 1990s, about 10 years after two-photon excited …

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major problem in posttransplant management. The
lack of a reliable and early surrogate marker of CAN has hampered patient care and …

All causes of renal allograft injury, when severe and/or sustained, can result in chronic
histological damage of which interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy are dominant features …

Background: The extent of interstitial fibrosis on kidney biopsy is regarded as a prognostic
indicator and guide to treatment. Patients with extensive fibrosis are assigned to supportive …

Biomarker development in lupus nephritis (LN) has traditionally relied on comparing the
characteristics of candidate markers to clinical findings in patients and controls from cross …