There are two basic categories of pain: physiological pain, which serves an important
protective function, and pathological pain, which can have a major negative impact on …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common difficult-to-treat condition where the goal, in the absence of
disease-modifying treatments, is to alleviate symptoms such as pain and loss of function …

The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly,
with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The …

Abstract Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease (CMT1A) is a rare orphan
inherited neuropathy caused by an autosomal dominant duplication of a gene encoding for …

Research has revealed that local application of exogenous opioid agonists produces a
potent analgesic effect by activating peripheral opioid receptors in inflamed tissues. The …

METHODS A systemic search for reports of KOR and KOR agonist in experimental animal
models and studies in humans was carried out. The major electronic databases (PubMed …

Opioids, agonists of µ-opioid receptors (µORs), are the strongest pain killers clinically
available. Their action includes a strong central component, which also causes important …

Opioid receptors are major actors in pain control and are broadly distributed throughout the
nervous system. A major challenge in pain research is the identification of key opioid …

Acute nociceptive pain is caused by the direct action of a noxious stimulus on pain-sensitive
nerve endings, whereas inflammatory pain (both acute and chronic) arises from the actions …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important classes of targets for
small molecule drug discovery, but many current GPCRs of interest are proving intractable to …