The severity and frequency of short-duration, but damaging, urban area floods have
increased in recent years across the world. Alteration to the urban micro-climate due to …

Cities are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather episodes, which are expected to
increase with climate change. Cities also influence their own local climate, for example …

Compound drought–heatwave (CDHW) events are one of the worst climatic stressors for
global sustainable development. However, the physical mechanisms behind CDHWs and …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

While climate change will alter the distribution of water in time and space, quantifications of
drought risk under global warming remain uncertain. Here, we show that in Europe, drought …

Our current 1.1° C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

The modelling and management of flood risk in urban areas are increasingly recognized as
global challenges. The complexity of these issues is a consequence of the existence of …

With climate change, heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent, intense and broader
in spatial extent. However, while the lethal effects of heat waves on humans are well …

Compound and cascading natural hazards usually cause more severe impacts than any of
the single hazard events alone. Despite the significant impacts of compound hazards, many …