Penguins face a wide range of threats. Most observed population changes have been
negative and have happened over the last 60 years. Today, populations of 11 penguin …

Due to its cold and dry climate and scarcity of ice-free land, Antarctica has one of the most
extreme environments on our planet. To survive in the Antarctic region, parasitic arthropods …

Wild birds harbor a huge diversity of avian avulaviruses (formerly avian paramyxoviruses).
Antarctic penguin species have been screened for avian avulaviruses since the 1980s and …

Although knowledge about parasitic diseases in Antarctic birds is scarce, an increasing
number of studies is currently being carried out in this area. A better knowledge of host …

Research on immune response in polar fauna is gaining great importance due to different
scenarios of environmental change. Total leukocyte counts in blood smears are one of the …

Ecologists play a pivotal role in the detection and investigation of population changes in
seabirds and by doing so have significant potential to contribute to enhancing knowledge of …

Abstract In the Southern Ocean, many parasites of vertebrates (mainly helminth groups)
have been recognized as endemic species, but parasites of marine invertebrates remain …

Although research on parasitic diseases in Antarctic birds is scarce and the information
largely fragmented, an increasing number of studies are currently in progress in this area …

The host/parasite relationship is a key tool for understanding the role of parasitism in the
feeding ecology of Antarctic seabirds. Especially, birds with extensive migratory routes …

Abstract The Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus is one of the main seabird
predators in the western South Atlantic. This species presents an opportunist feeding …