The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living
cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast …

An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, ie., an external osmolarity that
is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is …

We investigated the organization of interacting proteins and protein complexes into networks
of modules. A network-clustering method was developed to identify modules. This method of …

Filamentous growth is a nutrient-regulated growth response that occurs in many fungal
species. In pathogens, filamentous growth is critical for host–cell attachment, invasion into …

▪ Abstract All cells have the capacity to evoke appropriate and measured responses to signal
molecules (such as peptide hormones), environmental changes, and other external stimuli …

MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase-mediated pathways are key elements in sensing
and transmitting the response of cells to environmental conditions by the sequential action of …

Surface recognition and penetration are among the most critical plant infection processes in
foliar pathogens. In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Pmk1 MAP kinase regulates appressorium …

Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to mating pheromones by activating a receptor–G-
protein-coupled mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that is also used by other …

An evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway–the high osmolarity
glycerol (HOG) pathway–mediates the hyperosmotic response in Saccharomyces …

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathway is required for osmoadaptation and contains two branches that activate a …