There is increasing evidence in humans and laboratory animals for biologically based sex
differences in every phase of drug addiction: acute reinforcing effects, transition from …

Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the
most commonly cited examples being the “telescoping effect” where women meet criteria …

Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by relatively early onset, with temporal
variations across conditions. These lifelong conditions lead to social and communication …

Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use
disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk …

The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the
world—attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These …

Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Brain development is a remarkable process. Progenitor cells are born, differentiate, and
migrate to their final locations. Axons and dendrites branch and form important synaptic …

The pubertal transition to adulthood involves both gonadal and behavioral maturation. A
developmental clock, along with permissive signals that provide information on somatic …

It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer.
But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke …

Neither youth nor innocence provides protection from the ravages of fate. Exposure to
traumatic stress can occur at any point along the developmental continuum. Considerable …