This review is divided into three parts:(a) The primary site of oxygen sensing is the carotid
body which instantaneously respond to hypoxia without involving new protein synthesis, and …

Acetazolamide, a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, is the most commonly used and
best-studied agent for the amelioration of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The actual …

Animals have evolved homeostatic responses to changes in oxygen availability that act on
different timescales. Although the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional pathway that …

The central control of cardiovascular function has been keenly studied for a number of
decades. Of particular interest are the homeostatic control mechanisms, such as the …

The carotid bodies are arterial chemoreceptors that are sensitive to blood P O2, P CO2 and
pH. They are the origin of reflexes that are crucial for maintaining P CO2 and pH in the …

The past decade has witnessed rapid progress in defining neural circuits and mechanisms
in the brain, responsible for regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular …

The activity (Vmax) of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14. 16.2), the rate limiting enzyme in
the synthesis of catecholamines, is increased in carotid body, superior cervical ganglion …

1. An acid‐induced rise in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i) of type I cells is
thought to play a vital role in pH/PCO2 chemoreception by the carotid body. In this present …

The postulated mechanisms for hypoxic and acidic chemotransduction by type I cells that we
have described here are summarized in the diagrams of Fig. 4. Most if not all of these …

The medullary raphe nuclei contain putative central respiratory chemoreceptor neurones
that are highly sensitive to acidosis. To define the primary stimulus for chemosensitivity in …