The locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system is the main source of noradrenaline in the
central nervous system and is involved intensively in modulating pain and stress-related …

The pervasive and frequently devastating nature of aggressive behavior calls for a collective
effort to understand its psychosocial and neurobiological underpinnings. Regarding the …

The plasticity of glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a
fundamental mechanism in the modulation of dopamine neuron burst firing and phasic …

The dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS) receive dopaminergic projections that control
motor functions and reward-related behavior. It remains poorly understood how dopamine …

Background Habitual reward-seeking behavior is a hallmark of addictive behavior. The role
of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in regulating goal-directed reward-seeking behavior has …

Abstract Background The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently released a
Request for Information (RFI) soliciting comments on nonhuman animal models of …

Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play an important role in
cognition, emergence from anesthesia, reward, and aversion, and their projection to the …

Background The progressive loss of cartilage matrix and the breakdown of articular cartilage
induced by inflammation play an essential role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis …

Recent developments in chemogenetic approaches to the investigation of brain function
have ushered in a paradigm change in the strategy for drug and behavior research and …

Addiction is a chronic brain disease that has dramatic health and socioeconomic
consequences worldwide. Multiple approaches have been used for decades to clarify the …