A significant fraction of the total immune cells in the body are located in several hundred
lymph nodes, in which lymphocyte accumulation, activation and proliferation are organized …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

Polymers represent a promising therapeutic platform for extrahepatic messenger RNA
(mRNA) delivery but are hampered by low in vivo efficacy due to polyplex serum instability …

The innate immune system provides the first line of defence against foreign microbes and
particulate materials. Engineered nanoparticles can interact with the immune system in …

Strategies of improving vaccine targeting ability toward lymph nodes have been attracting
considerable interest in recent years, though there are remaining delivery barriers based on …

Nanovaccines have emerged as promising alternatives or complements to conventional
cancer treatments. Despite the progresses, specific co‐delivery of antigen and adjuvant to …

Cancer immunotherapy, as a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, has recently received
tremendous attention. The active cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) …

With the rapid development of nanotechnology as well as growing interest in
immunotherapy, a great number of vaccine delivery vehicles have been explored in order to …

Peptides cancer vaccines are designed based on the epitope peptides that can elicit
humoral and cellular immune responses targeting tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) or …

Whole tumor cell lysates (TCL) have been implemented as tumor antigens for cancer
vaccine development, although clinical outcomes of TCL-based antitumor immunotherapy …