In response to the energy demand triggered by developmental signals and environmental
stressors, the cells launch the mitochondrial biogenesis process. This is a self‐renewal …

The placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of
pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as …

Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling
and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown …

The placenta plays a key role in sustaining fetal growth and development. Due to its position
between mother and fetus, it is exposed to changes in the intrauterine environment in both …

Both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) lead to poor maternal and fetal
outcomes, including pregnancy complications, fetal growth issues, stillbirth, and …

Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been
suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) …

Background Prenatal ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and maternal chronic
psychosocial stress have independently been linked to changes in mithochondrial DNA …

A lipotoxic placental environment is recognized in maternal obesity, with increased
inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes might alter mitochondrial function, with …

The fetal placenta is a source of hormones and immune factors that play a vital role in
maintaining pregnancy and facilitating fetal growth. Cells in this extraembryonic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of cell communication, playing important
roles in regulating molecular cross-talk between different metabolic tissues and influencing …