The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost
indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to …

Mammalian cells remove misfolded proteins using various proteolytic systems, including the
ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) and …

The ribosome is an ancient molecular fossil that provides a telescope to the origins of life.
Made from RNA and protein, the ribosome translates mRNA to coded protein in all living …

Key challenges faced by all cells include how to spatiotemporally organize complex
biochemistry and how to respond to environmental fluctuations. The budding yeast …

Insects are part of the diet of over 2 billion people worldwide; however, insects have not
been popular in Europe, neither as food nor as a feed ingredient. This has been changing in …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are key players in initiating immune
responses towards invading pathogens. Both MHC class I and class II genes are present in …

Protein amyloid aggregation has been widely observed to occur and plays important roles in
both physiological processes and pathological diseases. Remarkably, amyloid aggregates …

With the increase in the expectancy of the life span of humans, neurodegenerative diseases
(NDs) have imposed a considerable burden on the family, society, and nation. In defiance of …

Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by a
conformational conversion of the native cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal …

Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which
may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and …