CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

In humans, the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are synthesized in the thyroid gland in a
process that crucially involves the iodoglycoprotein thyroglobulin. The overall structure of …

Abstract Thyroid hormones (TH) 3, 5, 3′, 5'-tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and 3, 5, 3'-
triiodothyronine (T3) contain iodine atoms as part of their structure, and their synthesis occur …

Active iodide (I−) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by
the Na+/I− symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I− uptake plays a pivotal role in …

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates
active I− transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as salivary glands, stomach …

The hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone
(TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the …

ABSTRACT CLC genes are expressed in species from bacteria to human and encode Cl−-
channels or Cl−/H+-exchangers. CLC proteins assemble to dimers, with each monomer …

Dent's disease is a renal tubular disorder characterized by manifestations of proximal tubule
dysfunction, including low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis …

Background: An in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles that regulate thyroid
hormone homeostasis is critical for the development of new diagnostic and treatment …

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal development and metabolism. Thyroid hormone
biosynthesis requires iodide uptake into the thyrocytes and efflux into the follicular lumen …