The modern antiretroviral treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection has
considerably lowered the incidence of opportunistic infections. With the exception of the …

Cross-sectional studies show that around half of individuals infected with HIV-1 have some
degree of cognitive impairment despite the use of antiretroviral drugs. However, prevalence …

Insulin is now well-established as playing multiple roles within the brain, and specifically as
regulating hippocampal cognitive processes and metabolism. Impairments to insulin …

Background: Despite the availability of potent antiretroviral regimens (combination
antiretroviral therapy [cART]), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are …

Prevention and treatment of HAND requires strategies aimed at suppressing CNS HIV
replication and effects of systemic and CNS inflammation in aging and substance-abusing …

The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice for
antiretroviral therapy (ART) and management of adults living with human immunodeficiency …

Whilst effective antiretroviral therapy is protective against the more severe forms of HIV-
associated brain disease, there remains a large burden of clinically symptomatic cognitive …

HIV infection is associated with comorbidities that are likely to be driven not only by HIV
itself, but also by the toxicity of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed …

Introduction: Efavirenz commonly causes early neuropsychiatric side effects, but tolerance
develops in most patients. There is emerging evidence that efavirenz use may damage …

Despite combination antiretroviral therapies (cARTs), a significant proportion of HIV-infected
patients develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Ongoing viral replication …