Throughout the world, ethanol is both an important commercial commodity and a source of
major medical and social problems. Ethanol readily passes through biological membranes …

Long-term alcohol use leads to persistent cognitive deficits that may be associated with
maladaptive changes in the neurocircuitry that mediates executive functions. Impairments …

After decades of uncertainties and drawbacks, the study on the role and significance of
acetaldehyde in the effects of ethanol seemed to have found its main paths. Accordingly, the …

High ethanol consumption triggers neuroinflammation, implicated in sustaining chronic
alcohol use. This inflammation boosts glutamate, prompting dopamine release in reward …

Rationale Gut microbiota communicates information to the brain. Some animals are born
with a gut microbiota that predisposes to high alcohol consumption, and transplantation of …

Background A number of studies have shown that acetaldehyde synthesized in the brain is
necessary to induce ethanol (EtOH) reinforcement in naïve animals (acquisition phase) …

Chronic ethanol intake results in brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which have
been postulated to perpetuate alcohol intake and to induce alcohol relapse. The present …

This review analyzes literature that describes the behavioral effects of 2 metabolites of
ethanol (EtOH): acetaldehyde and salsolinol (a condensation product of acetaldehyde and …

Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a
potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation) …

Ethanol is oxidized in the brain to acetaldehyde, which can condense with dopamine to
generate (R/S)‐salsolinol [(RS)‐SAL]. Racemic salsolinol [(RS)‐SAL] is self‐infused by rats …