A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence
of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective …

Over the last 10–15 years, our understanding of the composition and functions of the human
gut microbiota has increased exponentially. To a large extent, this has been due to new …

Bacterial infections are very common and represent one of the most important reasons of
progression of liver failure, development of liver-related complications, and mortality in …

Humans harbor nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria, which in terms of numbers, represents
around ten times more microbial cells than eukaryotic cells. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped cancer therapy. ICIs enhance T cell
activation through various mechanisms and may help reverse the exhausted phenotype of …

Liver cirrhosis is the pathologic end stage of chronic liver disease. Increasing evidence
suggests that gut flora is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis complications. The …

Human intestinal microbiota create a complex polymicrobial ecology. This is characterised
by its high population density, wide diversity and complexity of interaction. Any dysbalance …

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial
content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation are common in
patients with advanced liver disease, and there is strong evidence that the translocation of …

Mucosal surfaces of the gut are colonized by large numbers of heterogeneous bacteria that
contribute to intestinal health and disease. In genetically susceptible individuals …