There is a paradox in the relationship between bedload transport rates and flow variables:
laboratory and field studies have reported on how bedload transport rates depend on flow …

Several decades of flume and field measurements have indicated that in rough turbulent
flows the critical Shields stress increases with increasing slope and associated decreasing …

This investigation focuses on the characteristics of near-bed turbulence in fully rough gravel-
bed open-channel flows. The analysis combines results obtained with the double-averaging …

The physics of the roughness sublayer are studied by direct numerical simulations (DNS) of
an open-channel flow with sandgrain roughness. A double-averaging (DA) approach is …

The behavior of turbulent open channel flows over permeable surfaces is not well
understood. In particular, it is not clear how the surface and the subsurface flow within the …

To calculate bed load, engineers often use flow resistance equations that provide estimates
of bed shear stress. In these equations, on the basis of the estimate of the appropriate …

In this study, macro-rough flows over beds with different permeability values are simulated
using the large-eddy simulation, and the results are analysed by applying the double …

The dynamic interplay between surface and subsurface flow in the presence of a permeable
boundary was investigated using low and high frame-rate particle-image velocimetry …

This study focuses on the double-averaged (DA) turbulence characteristics and the local
flow characterization in the flow zones over and within the flow-gravel-bed interface. The …

Direct numerical simulation of open channel flow over a geometrically rough wall has been
performed at a bulk Reynolds number of. The wall consisted of a layer of spheres in a …