Sleep is critical for diverse aspects of brain function in animals ranging from invertebrates to
humans. Powerful genetic tools in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have identified—at …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Sleep requires that we disconnect from the environment, losing the ability to promptly
respond to stimuli. There must be at least one essential function that justifies why we take …

Sleep is a highly conserved state, suggesting that sleep's benefits outweigh the increased
vulnerability it brings. Yet, little is known about how sleep fulfills its functions. Here, we used …

In vertebrates, several forms of memory-relevant synaptic plasticity involve postsynaptic
rearrangements of glutamate receptors. In contrast, previous work indicates that Drosophila …

During Drosophila aversive olfactory conditioning, aversive shock information needs to be
transmitted to the mushroom bodies (MBs) to associate with odor information. We report that …

Developmental patterning is essential for regulating cellular events such as axial patterning,
segmentation, tissue formation, and organ size determination during embryogenesis …

All animals carefully studied sleep, suggesting that sleep as a behavioral state exists in all
animal life. Such evolutionary maintenance of an otherwise vulnerable period of …

The lateral preoptic (LPO) hypothalamus is a center for NREM and REM sleep induction and
NREM sleep homeostasis. Although LPO is needed for NREM sleep, we found that calcium …

In flies, neuronal sensors detect prandial changes in circulating fructose levels and either
sustain or terminate feeding, depending on internal state. Here, we describe a three-part …