Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a
hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered …

The tumor accumulation of nanomedicines relies on the enhanced permeability and
retention (EPR) effect. In the last 5–10 years, it has been increasingly recognized that there …

Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the
efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most …

The first closed bilayer phospholipid systems, called liposomes, were described in 1965 and
soon were proposed as drug delivery systems. The pioneering work of countless liposome …

Bionanotechnology has now become firmly established in its own right as one of the
principle and focused subdisciplines within nanotechnology.(1-10) Bionanotechnology can …

Because of the particular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and tumor
angiogenesis, it is possible to design drug delivery systems that specifically target anti …

The clinical use of anthracyclines like doxorubicin and daunorubicin can be viewed as a sort
of double-edged sword. On the one hand, anthracyclines play an undisputed key role in the …

Applications of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, and control of
biological systems has recently been referred to as “nanomedicine” by the National Institutes …

Liposomal delivery systems have significantly enhanced the efficacy and safety of
chemotherapeutic agents compared to free (non-liposomal) formulations. Liposomes are …

In addition to proliferating cancer cells and various types of normal cells, such as those of
the bone marrow, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutics affect the endothelium of the …