Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body core temperature to below 35° C. In cardiac
surgery, four stages of hypothermia are distinguished: mild, moderate, deep, and profound …

OBJECTIVE: To review reported neurodevelopmental outcome data for patients with
congenital heart disease, identify risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae and …

Disclaimer 2020: The EACTS/AEPC Guidelines represent the views of the EACTS and the
AEPC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical …

From the SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY. Address reprint requests to
Marina Svyatets, MD, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 240 East 47th Street, Apt 20E, New …

Hypoxia-ischemia constitutes a risk in infants by altering cerebral blood flow regulatory
mechanisms and causing loss of cerebral vascular auto-regulation. Hypotension, cerebral …

Although cardiac arrest (CA) constitutes a major health problem with dismal prognosis, no
specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge. CA causes …

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass is still necessary for the repair of many congenital
cardiac defects. However, exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass can still lead to major …

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers a vigorous systemic
inflammatory response characterized by early and late phases involving both the humoral …

Objective The best adjunct for cerebral protection during aortic arch reconstruction remains
controversial. Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) as an adjunct to profound hypothermic …

Diseases affecting the aortic arch often require surgical intervention. Hypothermic circulatory
arrest (HCA) enables a safe approach during open aortic arch surgeries. Additionally, HCA …