Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research
communities for developing functional tissues. Thanks to the complexity of tissues, various …

Abstract 3D-printed orthopaedic devices and surgical tools, printed maxillofacial implants
and other printed acellular devices have been used in patients. By contrast, bioprinted living …

Cartilage injuries are typically caused by trauma, chronic overload, and autoimmune
diseases. Owing to the avascular structure and low metabolic activities of chondrocytes …

Cartilage regeneration and repair remain a clinical challenge due to the limited capability of
cartilage to self-regenerate. Worldwide, the costs associated with cartilage regeneration per …

Articular cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that lines the surface of bones in diarthrodial
joints. Unfortunately, this avascular tissue has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair …

Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective
tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital …

Adult articular cartilage exhibits little capacity for intrinsic repair, and thus even minor injuries
or lesions may lead to progressive damage and osteoarthritic joint degeneration, resulting in …

Biomechanical performance of functional cartilage is executed by the exclusive anisotropic
composition and spatially varying intricate architecture in articulating ends of diarthrodial …

The use of cell-rich hydrogels for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has shown great
potential for a variety of biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of appropriate …

Background Articular cartilage defects are a veritable therapeutic problem because
therapeutic options are very scarce. Due to the poor self-regeneration capacity of cartilage …