Raynaud's syndrome is a common finding in many autoimmune conditions. Accurately
diagnosing Raynaud's, and differentiating it from mimicking conditions, is imperative in …

Buerger's disease (BD) is a relatively rare thrombotic, occlusive and non-atherosclerotic
clinical syndrome of unknown etiology. In recent years, numerous epidemiological studies …

Background: Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) may be a rare peripheral
vascular disease that sometimes affects young male smokers. This study presents surgical …

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is an inflammatory disease that usually affects small and
medium-sized arteries in the upper and lower limbs of young smokers. Previous studies …

This chapter discusses the disorders that affect the arteries and veins that are important to
practising dermatologists. It moves from peripheral arterial disease to varicose veins, venous …

Background: The mechanism underlying Buerger's disease (BD) is still unknown. Recently,
thrombophilic conditions predisposing to a hypercoagulable state have been hypothesized …

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I
(HLA‐A and HLA‐B) and II (HLA‐DRB1) allele and haplotype frequencies in a group of …

Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) seems to be common in IR Iran, The
present study aimed to evaluate an Iranian population with Buerger's disease in order to …

Here we report a case of a patient with Raynaud phenomenon due to Buerger's disease to
present the curative effects of herbal medicine in Buerger's disease. The patient presented …

Buerger's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology. The
infectious etiology of BD was proposed by Buerger in 1914. Furthermore, there are scattered …