Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of
trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with …

The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins
present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic …

The gut microbiota contributes to host physiology through the production of a myriad of
metabolites. These metabolites exert their effects within the host as signalling molecules and …

The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut
microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is a condition associated not only with …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are mainly
produced by anaerobic fermentation of gut microbes. SCFAs play an important role in …

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with
vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are
metabolites produced during the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract …

The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a
vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut …

The human gastrointestinal tract (GI) harbors a diverse population of microbial life that
continually shapes host pathophysiological responses. Despite readily available abundant …

Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-
functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications …