Nature has developed unique strategies to refine and optimise structural performance.
Using surfaces designed at multiple length scales, from micro to nano levels, combined with …

The extraordinary properties of biological materials often result from their sophisticated
hierarchical structures. Through multilevel and cross-scale structural designs, biological …

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), causing loss of sensory and motor function, is a complex and
challenging disease in the clinic due to the restricted regeneration capacity. Nerve guidance …

As a growing hot research topic, manufacturing smart switchable surfaces has attracted
much attention in the past a few years. The state-of-the-art study on reversibly switchable …

The ability to allow microliquid to penetrate in one direction but block in the opposite
direction plays an irreplaceable role in intelligent liquid management. Despite much …

A surface is said to be isotropic in wettability when the contact angles measured in all
direction are identical. On the contrary, once a surface shows distinct contact angles in …

Ice accumulation leads to several inconvenient and even threatening situations in cold
regions. This paper reports an efficient, non-toxic and low-cost method to fabricate …

Bubbles play a crucial role in multidisciplinary industrial applications, eg., heat transfer and
mass transfer. However, existing methods to manipulate bubbles still face many challenges …

Bio‐enabled and bio‐mimetic nanomaterials represent functional materials, which use bio‐
derived materials and synthetic components to bring the better of two, natural and synthetic …

Anisotropic functional patterned surfaces have shown significant applications in
microfluidics, biomedicine and optoelectronics. However, surface patterning relies heavily …