Bilingual education has been an educational option in many countries for over 50 years but
it remains controversial, especially in terms of its appropriateness for all children. The …

Learning and developing as a reader are more complicated in a language the reader is
simultaneously learning to speak and understand. This challenge is faced by millions of …

Using data from seven cohorts of language immersion lottery applicants in a large, urban
school district, we estimate the causal effects of immersion programs on students' test scores …

The fifth edition of this bestselling book provides a comprehensive introduction to
bilingualism and bilingual education. In a compact and clear style, its 19 chapters cover all …

In response to growing concerns about the impact of harsh immigration enforcement policy
since the 2016 presidential campaign, we examined its overall impact on the nation's …

This article investigates the differences in academic achievement trajectories from
elementary through middle school among English Learner (EL) students in four different …

The history of bilingual education in the United States has shifted between tolerance and
repression depending on politics, the economy, and the size of the immigrant population …

A decade and a half ago, we found ourselves together at a conference at which many of the
talks were given in Catalan. Unable to follow them, we withdrew to a shady spot where we …

This study examines the characteristics and determinants of English learners'(ELs') access
to academic content in middle school (Grades 6–8). Following 10 years of data from a large …

Due in part to the challenges associated with learning a new language, English language
learners (ELLs) typically begin school with lower achievement than their non-ELL peers, and …